The microscope remains an essential tool in gemmology. Observation of the internal characteristics of gemstones remains one of the safest and most valuable techniques in the recognition of the nature of precious minerals. Certain features are so typical of some varieties that they not only help identify the mineral, but even point to the geographical origin of a sample.
The fine network of numerous fine particles present in exsolved rutile (oriented in three directions at 0°/60°/120° in the basal plane) in velvety blue sapphire is an indicator – however, not a proof - of Kashmiri origin. These particles appear as tiny dots in snowflake patterns.
Three-phase inclusions, the association of liquid with a bubble of gas and a solid crystal in the same confined volume, are the hallmark of Colombian emeralds.
Although microscopy is a traditional gemmological resource, it has evolved into a very thorough descriptive science providing complex interpretations in modern gemmology. Microscopy remains the base of any professional gemmological analysis, and is applied thoroughly on every item for which a Gubelin Gem Lab report is issued.
